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doug woods

ICT in Education Consultant and Trainer

Archive for the ‘Transforming Learning’ Category

Looking Back at School ICT

Wednesday, July 28th, 2010

Acorn Archimedes. Photograph taken and edited ...
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Hindsight is a tremendous thing but memories do tend to get clouded over time.

By the early to mid 1980s, UK schools had created a ‘de facto’ standard in the early 1980s with the BBC Micro (yes I know some schools had RM machines and a few had Spectrums but the BBC was far and away the norm). A terrific amount of software had been created for this machine, often these were created by teachers in the ‘spare’ time and, while they may not have been the best programming, they were often routed in educational practice.

By the late 1980s these machines were starting to look dated and many of us were crying out for newer machines so that we could continue to push and develop educational ICT. By the end of the 1980s, schools were faced with two choices; either the Acorn Archimedes machines or early PCs. Whereas in the early 1980s, the wise choice was clear to all, the decision between Archimedes and PC machines was less clear. Neither had good graphics capability and neither had a wealth of educational software to support them to the same extent that the BBC micro had.

The result was that schools and authorities were split almost 50/50 in their decisions over whether to use Archimedes computers or PCs. Many BBC software titles were reproduced for the Archimedes but not enough. Transfer of skills from the BBC to the Archimedes or the PC was not easy for teachers. Consequently, educational ICT went through a slump into the late 1990s.

Eventually, the decision had to be taken by central government as to which hardware route to take for the future. Their decision was to go for the PC route. Regardless of the merits of this decision, it did mean that once more the UK education systems had a common standard by which to work. The problem was, that the PC had very little educational software to support it and the first titles were generally American imports, which masqueraded under the title of “edutainment” and were generally thin on entertainment and even thinner on education. However, with a common platform, the English educational software industry was able to rebuild itself and by the early years of the 21st century, UK educational software led the world once more.

Let’s not get jingoistic about it though, schools are not about boosting national pride but about educating learners. It was the commonality of platform that enabled this to happen via ICT at this time.

The PC has become the ‘de facto’ standard in schools ICT but this could well change with innovation from other IT manufacturers and suppliers. In the future we could have a mixture of platforms in schools once more. We need to take care, however, that this does not lead once more into a decline as it did in the 1990s. To my mind, the way forward is to agree interoperability standards so that schools, learners and other users can take advantage of and use educational resources no matter what machines they use. The other key change that is occurring is that computing is becoming less centralised and less reliant upon large desktop or laptop machines and is becoming more accessible on portable and personal devices, any developments in educational computing needs to take advantage of these changes.

 Looking Back at School ICT

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ICT in Education and Five Stages of Grief

Thursday, July 22nd, 2010

BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM - FEBRUARY 24:  A scho...
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Those of us involved in counselling or in change management will be familiar with the five stages of grief. These constitute the Kubler-Ross theory or model of change and adjustment. It is not uncommon to see people go through these stages as part of the grieving process following the death of another person. It is also recognised that people involved in organisations or companies can go through a similar process when the company is changed following, say, a takeover or a closure.

The five stages of the Kubler-Ross model are;

Denial, Anger, Bargaining (or negotiation), Despair (or Depression), and Acceptance

I bring this up here because it appears to me that many people and organisations involved in education technology, or ICT, in the UK have recently been going (or are still going) through this process.

This has been brought about, I feel certain, by the recent government announcement of the closure of Becta, the early termination of BSF programmes and a lack of clear government policy toward the use of technology in education. This has led to many people being made redundant or, at the least, uncertain about their future, it has also led to many groups, schools and professionals feeling uncertain about their position and the continuing role of ICT in schools.

It is hardly surprising that many individuals will have been experiencing these stages of grief, or change, what may be less clear is how organisations may also be experiencing these stages as they try to reposition themselves for the future.

I shall not here go through a description of each of the stages but I feel it has been understandable how some people have at first expressed some disbelief at the decisions that have been made by the new government and also some anger. I feel the protests seen outside parliament on July 19th were conceived out of both disbelief and anger. Other groups have tried to approach the government minister to try to bargain or negotiate on their position, with very little success it would appear. Perhaps now we are at the stage of despair moving into acceptance.

It is important that we all, individuals and organisations, come to the point of acceptance, for it is only when we reach that point that we can start to move forward again.

Moving forward is what we really need to be doing at this time. It seems to ne that the new government has given us two issues to tackle;

Firstly,  ICT in education is not important

and,

Secondly that central government shall have no role to play in the decision making as to how schools use ICT, such decisions shall be made by schools themselves, parents their communities and ‘big’ society.

It is my belief that the first issue is NOT the one we should be addressing. The message that ICT is not important has been put across as a result of decisions to axe BSF (Building Schools for the Future), the lack of any ‘policy’ toward education technology (either before or since the election) and a rather ill-informed speech on education given by a minister. At worst this is just an inference of the government’s failure to understand the role and importance of ICT. People failing to understand the significance of ICT in education is something we have probably all had to face for years from colleagues and sceptics, while it is disappointing that the government has appeared to side with the sceptics, our task here is simply to continue with vigour the training and promoting of ICT that we have all been doing for so long.

It is the second issue that we need to address with more urgency and import. This government is set upon a course of reducing or removing the role of central government in many aspects of our lives and giving power to a more local level. In the case of education, this appears to be to schools and parents. For those of us in ICT and education ,this would appear to mean that instead of dealing, as had previously been the case, with central government via its agency, Becta, we shall have to deal with schools more directly. It may also mean that schools, who may previously have relied upon Becta or their Local Authority for support and guidance may have to become more self-reliant or rely upon each other.

I feel that there is a future need for structures or mechanisms of support and guidance to be put in place for schools in terms of ICT progression. Such structures would not just be for schools but also for parents, communities, education suppliers and individuals. I do not believe that they need to be rigid structures but flexible structures that can be utilised to meet the needs of schools etc. as and when required. I do not believe, therefore, that we need a new body to replace Becta, which may always have been too far distant from schools, but for new organisations or groups and new ways of working to be brought into play.

I do believe at the present that the organisation, NAACE, could be in the best position  to start fulfilling some of those roles. Its membership not only includes local authority advisors but also independent ICT consultants, schools and teachers, it also has links within the industry and suppliers. There is certainly the knowledge and skills within the organisation to take on new roles if its constitution, budgets and membership decisions allow.

So we need not despair about the future, we should accept the situation and begin to build for the future.

 ICT in Education and Five Stages of Grief

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6 Ways ICT Can Improve Education

Saturday, July 17th, 2010

LAS VEGAS, NV - JANUARY 8:  People look over a...
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It seems to me that there are 6 ways in which we can use ICT to improve education. I make no claims for the originality of these ways, indeed the first 3 have come from a forum discussion with Peter Twining on the Vital website (you may need a login to see the Vital page).

These 6 areas are;

  1. Support – Using ICT to allow us to do things more effectively or efficiently but without changing the fundamental curriculum or pedagogic approach
  2. Extend – Using ICT to present things in new ways or using ICT to access resources which would otherwise be difficult to access
  3. Transform – allowing us to do new or different things that would not be possible without the technology and thereby changing the curriculum or pedagogy
  4. Engagement – involving learners in activities through the motivational influence of technology or the functional use of technology (e.g. access from home as well as school) or social engagement (e.g. with fellow learners or between families and school)
  5. Inclusion – using ICT to overcome learner disabilities or disadvantages
  6. Improvement – saving time, being able to enrich a learning experience or using ICT to make a learning outcome possible which might not otherwise have been possible.

I claim no great originality in any of these but it does suggest to me that we might have the basis of a framework or matrix by which staff or institutions can record their use of ICT and the impact it has.

 6 Ways ICT Can Improve Education

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