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Posts Tagged ‘Information and communication technologies in education’

Education Technology; Teaching Tool or Learning Tool?

Monday, April 2nd, 2012

300px Interactive whiteboard2 Education Technology; Teaching Tool or Learning Tool?
Image via Wikipedia

Yesterday, I read this great short blog post from @kylepace entitled Good Vs Great Teachers. In the article, Kyle criticises another author who appeared to believe that educational technology was a waste of time because it would never replace good teachers. All in all I would agree very much with Kyle’s response, which is basically that good teachers embrace the technology and what it offers, to become Great teachers.

I posted a tweet on Twitter, inviting my followers to take a look at the article but I also posed the question, does the article still look upon education technology as a teaching tool rather than a learning tool? The purpose of this post on my blog is to attempt to explain what I meant by that.

We’ve had computers in schools for around 30 years now. I’m still surprised when I encounter a colleague who still questions whether we should have computers in schools. I remind them just how long they have been around in education and, if I’m feeling particularly narked, I ask what my colleague has been doing all this time? (I wonder why I have no friends!)

As I say, we’ve had computers for around 30 years and, in that time, the nature of the technology and its uses have changed considerably. No longer is a computer a device which only one, or possibly two, people could use at a time when sat at a monitor screen. Nowadays, we can project computer images to large groups and classes via interactive whiteboards. The computer in the classroom is no longer the sole preserve of the teacher, who says who can use it and when. Now each pupil can have their own computer, on a desk, on their lap or in their pocket.

Originally, pupils could engage in the learning software that their teacher presented to them. Nowadays, pupils can locate their own resources and share them with peers. They can use computers to collaborate on projects and other learning work. They can create their own materials and display or broadcast them to an audience. Their audience, or their peer group, is no longer confined to the members of their own school, year or class group, that audience is now to be found beyond school or even national boundaries.

What is echoing in my mind, are the words I first heard from John Davitt, “we need to move learners from being passive consumers of technology into becoming creative users of that technology” . I feel that this shift has been happening over the years and needs to continue to progress. The technology is no longer just a tool for the teacher, it is no a tool for the learner.

I sometimes find myself saying to teachers, particularly those who have some reticence or lack confidence in using ICT, that it does not matter so much how you use technology, what matters most is how you allow and enable your learners to use technology.

So, for me, educational technology is a tool more for the learner than the teacher. That is not to deny the role that technology has in supporting the teacher in their work and in their approaches to learning but that it is the use of technology by the learner that is key to the future of education.

For me, a good teacher is one who uses technology in their work ( see my article elsewhere on good teachers and technology), a great teacher is one who extends that to encourage, support and develop their learners’ use of technology in their learning.

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ICT in Education and Five Stages of Grief

Monday, February 20th, 2012

150x101 ICT in Education and Five Stages of Grief
Image by Getty Images via @daylife

Those of us involved in counselling or in change management will be familiar with the five stages of grief. These constitute the Kubler-Ross theory or model of change and adjustment. It is not uncommon to see people go through these stages as part of the grieving process following the death of another person. It is also recognised that people involved in organisations or companies can go through a similar process when the company is changed following, say, a takeover or a closure.

The five stages of the Kubler-Ross model are;

Denial, Anger, Bargaining (or negotiation), Despair (or Depression), and Acceptance

I bring this up here because it appears to me that many people and organisations involved in education technology, or ICT, in the UK have recently been going (or are still going) through this process.

This has been brought about, I feel certain, by the recent government announcement of the closure of Becta, the early termination of BSF programmes and a lack of clear government policy toward the use of technology in education. This has led to many people being made redundant or, at the least, uncertain about their future, it has also led to many groups, schools and professionals feeling uncertain about their position and the continuing role of ICT in schools.

It is hardly surprising that many individuals will have been experiencing these stages of grief, or change, what may be less clear is how organisations may also be experiencing these stages as they try to reposition themselves for the future.

I shall not here go through a description of each of the stages but I feel it has been understandable how some people have at first expressed some disbelief at the decisions that have been made by the new government and also some anger. I feel the protests seen outside parliament on July 19th were conceived out of both disbelief and anger. Other groups have tried to approach the government minister to try to bargain or negotiate on their position, with very little success it would appear. Perhaps now we are at the stage of despair moving into acceptance.

It is important that we all, individuals and organisations, come to the point of acceptance, for it is only when we reach that point that we can start to move forward again.

Moving forward is what we really need to be doing at this time. It seems to ne that the new government has given us two issues to tackle;

Firstly,  ICT in education is not important

and,

Secondly that central government shall have no role to play in the decision making as to how schools use ICT, such decisions shall be made by schools themselves, parents their communities and ‘big’ society.

It is my belief that the first issue is NOT the one we should be addressing. The message that ICT is not important has been put across as a result of decisions to axe BSF (Building Schools for the Future), the lack of any ‘policy’ toward education technology (either before or since the election) and a rather ill-informed speech on education given by a minister. At worst this is just an inference of the government’s failure to understand the role and importance of ICT. People failing to understand the significance of ICT in education is something we have probably all had to face for years from colleagues and sceptics, while it is disappointing that the government has appeared to side with the sceptics, our task here is simply to continue with vigour the training and promoting of ICT that we have all been doing for so long.

It is the second issue that we need to address with more urgency and import. This government is set upon a course of reducing or removing the role of central government in many aspects of our lives and giving power to a more local level. In the case of education, this appears to be to schools and parents. For those of us in ICT and education ,this would appear to mean that instead of dealing, as had previously been the case, with central government via its agency, Becta, we shall have to deal with schools more directly. It may also mean that schools, who may previously have relied upon Becta or their Local Authority for support and guidance may have to become more self-reliant or rely upon each other.

I feel that there is a future need for structures or mechanisms of support and guidance to be put in place for schools in terms of ICT progression. Such structures would not just be for schools but also for parents, communities, education suppliers and individuals. I do not believe that they need to be rigid structures but flexible structures that can be utilised to meet the needs of schools etc. as and when required. I do not believe, therefore, that we need a new body to replace Becta, which may always have been too far distant from schools, but for new organisations or groups and new ways of working to be brought into play.

I do believe at the present that the organisation, NAACE, could be in the best position  to start fulfilling some of those roles. Its membership not only includes local authority advisors but also independent ICT consultants, schools and teachers, it also has links within the industry and suppliers. There is certainly the knowledge and skills within the organisation to take on new roles if its constitution, budgets and membership decisions allow.

So we need not despair about the future, we should accept the situation and begin to build for the future.

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6 Ways ICT Can Improve Education

Monday, February 13th, 2012

150x100 6 Ways ICT Can Improve Education
Image by Getty Images via Daylife

It seems to me that there are 6 ways in which we can use ICT to improve education. I make no claims for the originality of these ways, indeed the first 3 have come from a forum discussion with Peter Twining on the Vital website (you may need a login to see the Vital page).

These 6 areas are;

  1. Support – Using ICT to allow us to do things more effectively or efficiently but without changing the fundamental curriculum or pedagogic approach
  2. Extend – Using ICT to present things in new ways or using ICT to access resources which would otherwise be difficult to access
  3. Transform – allowing us to do new or different things that would not be possible without the technology and thereby changing the curriculum or pedagogy
  4. Engagement – involving learners in activities through the motivational influence of technology or the functional use of technology (e.g. access from home as well as school) or social engagement (e.g. with fellow learners or between families and school)
  5. Inclusion – using ICT to overcome learner disabilities or disadvantages
  6. Improvement – saving time, being able to enrich a learning experience or using ICT to make a learning outcome possible which might not otherwise have been possible.

I claim no great originality in any of these but it does suggest to me that we might have the basis of a framework or matrix by which staff or institutions can record their use of ICT and the impact it has.

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Technology Not Doing What it Should be Doing?

Monday, November 28th, 2011

228198624 b5a87202cc m Technology Not Doing What it Should be Doing?

I had a laugh yesterday, I shouldn’t have done because the guy was quite serious but …

What caused me to laugh was a post on a forum about ICT in schools and why some teachers weren’t using it. The comment was made that sometimes technology doesn’t do what it is supposed to do and this led to some teachers not using it.

It was that bit about technology not doing what it is supposed to do, that made me laugh. I know what he means, I know exactly what he means but it does make it sound like the technology is being a naughty child. It does raise questions about peoples’ understanding and their relationship with technology. The technology does what it does; that may not be what you want it to do or what you expect it to do but it is, unless it is broken, what you are telling it to do!

I recall my early days in school, then if a teacher was faced with someone who didn’t do what they were supposed to do, the teacher had two options; they could stand them in the corner and ignore them, or they could give detention after school and make them do it properly.

In the case of technology, it seems in some classes, the same two options still apply!

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Cutting ICT Costs

Monday, October 10th, 2011

1062744637 215b9bc9b5 m Cutting ICT Costs

Quite understandably at this present time, there appear to be plenty of thought and initiatives going around as to how to reduce the cost of ICT provision in schools.

I am not surprised by this but I am concerned by it.

I am concerned that it is the perceived need to cut costs that is driving current thinking and, to my mind, this can be a dangerous route to take. Education is not a business, it is not an industry; for us, the bottom line is not our profit or our costs. A school will not be judged or praised on its ability to cut its costs, it will be judged and praised (or criticised) on the performance and attainment of its learners.

There is a very careful path that needs to be trod between cutting costs and maintaining/improving the performance of learners in a school.

It seems to my mind that rather than setting out simply to cut costs, schools need first to establish control of their costs. For this, I would recommend schools look at Becta’s investment planner tool, which I believe is still available online. This tool is not a full TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) tool but it was derived from Becta’s original TCO model. The original TCO tool was more encompassing in seeking to identify costs more accurately and relate them to usage and performance. There is not time or space to detail TCO fully in this article but I would be more than happy to talk to any school wishing to explore a fuller TCO in order to better understand and control its ICT costs.

With the improved knowledge and understanding that TCO brings, a school can identify which costs it can control and any that it cannot. The school is then better positioned not only to identify cost-savings but also to anticipate the effects of such measures. A classic example of cost saving comes from a school believing, rightly so, that it can reduce its costs by cutting back on printing, particularly inks and paper costs. While a school can make savings in this area, a full TCO generally reveals that this is only a very small cost and any reduction is almost insignificant.

Not only can current costs be revealed by TCO but a school will be better placed to explore potential costs/savings for future provision, even to the point of being able to compare different options for continuing or replacing software, hardware and services.

While it has to be acknowledged that there is pressure upon schools and headteachers to reduce costs, particularly of their ICT, I would maintain that it is important first for schools to resist the temptation to make cost cuts without first gaining a better understanding and control that could be brought about by TCO.

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Working with what You’ve Got!

Monday, August 22nd, 2011

2930108165 9f64e3aa05 m Working with what Youve Got!

There may be a lot of talk, discussion or debate about ICT in schools. Some people advocate big installations with large networks, ICT suites or ICT rooms. While others talk about handheld devices and wifi or 3G accessibility. Others talk of combining the two. The image seems to be that if we have the money, we’ll spend it. Reality is often different, though, while we may listen or indulge in theoretical discussion about ICT provision, in reality we have to work with what we’ve got.

That’s not to say that having a vision and working toward it is wrong, far from it, but today’s learners need to be educated, they need to be educated for the 21st century and they need to be educated with the equipment the school has now.

We live at a time when we cannot be sure of our funding and a time also when the money does not seem to go as far as it once used to.

Fortunately, 21st century education is not about equipment, it’s about approaches.  It’s about putting the learner at the heart of their learning and allowing/enabling them to use the equipment you have in creative and collaborative ways. This seems to be often overlooked in discussions and, indeed, in implementations of modern ICT. Perhaps this may be why capital projects seem to display evidence of infrastructure implementation but little, as yet, evidence of learning transformation.

So is it a time to put our visions on hold? I certainly don’t think so. Yet it may be the time to re-evaluate the equipment we have and the ways in which we use it. Time perhaps to explore new uses of the equipment, time for professional development to disseminate new ideas and new skills. These are perhaps the first steps in transforming learning in our schools and they good news is that they are steps all schools can take, not just those undergoing new installations or BSF building.

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The Best and Most Rewarding Job?

Monday, July 18th, 2011

300px Teacher The Best and Most Rewarding Job?
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You’d think that working with children and young people, helping them learn, grow and develop would be one of the best and most rewarding of jobs. Yet often it isn’t. Just ask any teacher about the stress, the long hours, the pressures of working in a school and you’ll begin to wonder if there isn’t someting wrong with our education system.

Dig a little deeper, though, and you’ll uncover more of the story. Teachers will tell you that it isn’t working with the pupils that’s the problem; it’s all the extra bits! By which they usually mean the paper work, the long hours spent in school and at home on preparation or marking. This has long been the case in education but has it got any worse over the years and what role does technology play in this?

I believe that technology is both an aid and a culprit when we look into teacher stress. Let me give you an example, take lesson planning; lesson planning takes time, it takes time to identify the aims, objectives and outcomes of a lesson, to identify and plan the use of resources, to set evaluation and success criteria, to identify differentiation etc.. Using a computer may make it easier to draw up lesson plans in a common format or template, printing a lesson plan may well be easier than writing it out by hand but does this mean it takes less time to create a lesson plan? Not really, it is the thinking and the planning that goes into a good lesson plan that takes time rather than the writing, so typing and printing saves only a small amount of time compared to writing by hand.

So why, then, do we expect teachers to write more detailed lesson plans? By using computers, we are often asking teachers to spend longer doing lesson plans than they used to. Ironic isn’t it?

Some people, and I am not one of them, believe that the purpose of ICT in schools is to make admin tasks quicker and easier for teachers so that they can devote more time to teaching and learning. This may sound good but what is happening is that teachers are being asked to do more and more admin tasks that take them away from teaching and learning.

Few teachers come into the profession, if it can still be called a profession, to do paper work. Teachers are not office workers and should not be regarded as such. The professional teacher is concerned with pupil learning, getting the best out of their pupils. Professional teachers welcome technology into the classroom where it has a clear benefit for learning and that, I feel, should be the focus of using technology in schools.

I’m sure that if we focused our efforts in using technology in support of learning rather than emphasising its role in school administration, we could once again see a happy workforce of teachers and also see learners benefiting from working with happy school staff.

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